What Are Minerals in Food? Benefits, Sources & Why We Need Them
The human body requires 13 different types of minerals to maintain overall health. Find out which ones, their benefits and food sources.
Read the guide →Home · Health A–Z · Biomarkers & lab tests
Biomarkers & lab testsEvery biomarker page answers the same questions in plain language: what it measures, the reference range, the target range and where that comes from, what high and low can mean, related markers and actions to consider.
1–40 of 54 entries
The human body requires 13 different types of minerals to maintain overall health. Find out which ones, their benefits and food sources.
Read the guide →What is leptin? Learn what the hormone does, what leptin resistance means, how it differs from ghrelin and how to support leptin sensitivity.
Read the guide →
Methylation supports functions of the cardiovascular, detoxification and neurological systems, just to name a few. Learn how to optimize it.
Read the guide →
High glycemic foods raise blood sugar quickly. Does that mean you should avoid them all? Not necessarily, but you do want to be careful about your intake.
Read the guide →
Did you know that high homocysteine levels are tied to heart disease and many other health issues? Learn how to optimize yours and more here.
Read the guide →A MTHFR mutation is a problem associated with poor methylation and enzyme production. What are MTHFR gene mutation symptoms and what do they mean?
Read the guide →
Ghrelin is an appetite-increasing hormone that makes you feel hungry before meals but decreases after meals so you feel more satisfied. Learn how to control it.
Read the guide →
The body roundness index (BRI) is an emerging metric in the health and fitness world, providing a fresh perspective on assessing body composition and health risks. Unlike traditional measures such as body mass index (BMI), BRI aims to capture a more comprehensive picture of body shape and fat distribution, which are crucial indicators of overall health and mortality risk.
Read the guide →AMPK is an enzyme known as the body's master regulator of energy metabolism. It plays an important role in energy balance and more.
Read the guide →
It may come as a surprise, but one of the easiest ways to evaluate your health status is by paying attention to your skin — your skin turgor, that is.
Read the guide →
VO2 max is a key metric for evaluating cardiovascular fitness, endurance and overall health. Whether you're a professional athlete, fitness enthusiast or someone looking to improve her health, understanding and increasing your VO2 max can lead to better performance and health benefits.
Read the guide →
Glycogen functions as an important "energy reservoir," providing the body with energy depending on things like stress, food intake and physical demands. Learn how it's produced and stored, and its roles in diet and exercise.
Read the guide →Body composition varies among individuals, and it's a mix of what we inherit and the daily choices we make. Learn how to improve yours and more.
Read the guide →The FDA recently altered its recommendation for daily sodium intake, so how much sodium per day should you consume? Find out that and more.
Read the guide →The circadian timing system is critical for good health. Within the field of chronobiology, here's how to create simple habits to support your circadian rhythm.
Read the guide →
A major study published in November 2023 confirmed that reducing salt intake can significantly lower blood pressure, offering a potentially life-saving strategy for both healthy individuals and those already managing hypertension.
Read the guide →It's estimated that a quarter of the U.S population has high triglycerides, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Here's what to do about it.
Read the guide →Folic acid is the synthetic form of folate that is found in most prenatal vitamins, supplements and fortified foods. Learn about its benefits, food sources, dosage recommendation along with potential side effects.
Read the guide →Lactic acid (lactate) is produced in response to physical activities that stress the muscles. Find out what that means and how you can prevent buildup.
Read the guide →The BMI chart is a standard measurement to determine if someone is overweight, obese, underweight or the right weight, but it doesn't tell the whole story. Learn about better tools for measuring your ideal weight.
Read the guide →
Human growth hormone is vital to your body, and while too much or too little can be a bad thing, there are many HGH benefits your body needs.
Read the guide →Wondering what normal blood sugar levels look like and how to maintain them? Try this five-step approach to normal blood sugar management.
Read the guide →
Electrolytes are very important to health, playing a vital role in everything from fluid balance to heart health and brain function. Learn about top foods and supplements.
Read the guide →Hydrochloric acid aids digestion, fights acid reflux, protects against leaky gut, supports skin and helps with nutrient absorption. Learn how to improve its production, including with potential supplements.
Read the guide →Nitric oxide benefits include lowering high blood pressure, boosting brain and immune health, increasing workout performance and improving erectile dysfunction. Learn about ways to increase levels naturally.
Read the guide →
Telomeres, the parts of chromosomes that control aging, have links to various diseases and long life. So how does one lengthen them and one's life possibly?
Read the guide →We always hear about how important it is to lower cholesterol, but this isn't always true. HDL cholesterol is actually good, and you want to increase it.
Read the guide →Are you getting enough of these eye vitamins and foods? If not, you're at greater risk for macular degeneration, cataracts and other eye disorders.
Read the guide →Elevated troponin levels can indicate issues with the heart, including heart attack, heart disease and more. Find out the normal range how to reduce levels.
Read the guide →Adenosine is a natural chemical found in all human cells and an essential component of energy metabolism. Learn the uses and how to get enough.
Read the guide →A food's glycemic index score tells you how quickly the food is converted into sugar once you eat it, but the glycemic load tells you more. Let's explore.
Read the guide →Health care providers use the vitamin D 25 hydroxy test determine people's vitamin D levels. Here's what you need to know.
Read the guide →What is the ideal amount of sleep to help stave off health issues and help you operate at full speed? A 2022 study tried to find out.
Read the guide →A new study found that higher levels of HDL cholesterol in the fluid surrounding the brain and spine may protect against Alzheimer's disease.
Read the guide →Do antioxidants prevent dementia and Alzheimer's? According to a 2022 study, higher antioxidant levels are linked to lower dementia risk.
Read the guide →Bodybuilders and weight-loss enthusiasts may be attracted to boosting the IGF-1 hormone, but what are optimal levels for your age?
Read the guide →
We do it every day, several times a day, but how much do you really think about your pee and whether or not it's normal? Find out here.
Read the guide →
Estradiol plays an important role in both female and male reproductive health and hormone levels. Learn more about this estrogen hormone.
Read the guide →
Catecholamines are homes that act as modulators of the stress response, aka the fight-or-flight response, and altered levels can affect health in many ways.
Read the guide →What people read most, what’s new in the library, and what’s trending — on this topic.
ApoB Blood Test: Why It Beats LDL Cholesterol, Optimal Levels & How to Lower IthealthToo few articles have recorded legacy traffic and a publication or update in the last 90 days; remaining cards use the most recently updated articles in this index.
ApoB Blood Test: Why It Beats LDL Cholesterol, Optimal Levels & How to Lower Ithealth
What Kind of Leaky Gut Test Should You Take?health