Latissimus Dorsi: Exercises + Stretches for Your “Lats”

The latissimus dorsi connects to: the teres major, fibres of the deltoid, long head of the triceps and several other stabilizing muscles. The teres major muscle is positioned above the latissimus dorsi muscle. The lats insert into the tubercular groove at the front of the humerus and are partially covered by “the traps” (the upper back muscles) and connect to the deltoids (the front, side and rear of the shoulder).

Here’s an overview of the structure and region of the body surrounding the lats:

• lats originate from the iliac crest located at the bottom of the spine by the hip bones (4)
• they connect to thoracolumbar fascia, tough membranes composed of three layers of tissue that cover the deep muscles beneath the back, which support the spine (5)
• lats are supportive of inferior six thoracic vertebrae and inferior three or four ribs
• they are supplied by the nerve roots that make up the long thoracic nerve, specifically those called C6, C7 and C8, which run through the trunk (6)

Strengthening the labs usually causes the elbows to bend (flexion) and involves engaging the shoulders, biceps and trapezius muscles. One of the most commonly used antagonist muscle pairs in the human body include the pectorals/latissimus dorsi muscles. These antagonist muscles have opposing functions, helping to create full range of motion. Agonists and antagonists usually exist on opposite sides near a joint, helping to lower and lift. The deltoids and latissimus dorsi muscles lift and lower the entire arm at the shoulder joints. (7)

Related: Why Isometric Exercises Belong in Your Exercise Routine

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Common Injuries Affecting the Lats

Reasons that you might have weak or stressed lats include:

• Not lifting the arms overhead often enough, resulting in weak or stiff shoulders and arms
• Developing back pain which limits you from rotating, exercising, twisting and engaging the back muscles properly. Risk factors for back pain include history of back injuries or disorder, smoking or using tobacco, being overweight or obese, pregnancy, lack of sleep or sleeping in unsupportive positions, and having muscular tension due to anxiety/stress.
• Poor posture, which often causes low back pain and reduced range of motion
• Sitting for too long, such as at work for many hours of the day, which weakens the upper and mid-back
• Injuring the shoulders or low back, which prevents adduction, flexion and extension
• Although it doesn’t happen very often, lat tears have been reported related to sports activities like rock climbing, wrestling, golfing, body-building, gymnastics, basketball and others.  (8)

What types of limitations or side effects can result from these lat-related injuries? While tearing or rupturing of the lats is rare, other related pains are common and include:

• Shoulder pain: The latissimus dorsi connects the spine to the humerus, so weakness or tightness in the lats/mid-back can cause pain in the shoulder joints and loss of upper body functions. Sometimes this results in frozen shoulder or chronic tendonitis pain affecting the fasciae connective tissue.
• Back pain: The latissimus dorsi support the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine, two areas that can develop pain due to factors like poor posture, forward head posture, a sedentary lifestyle (such as hunching over a desk all day) or due to impact and/or trauma. Back pain, whether mild or severe, is one of the most common complaints among adults and experienced at one point or another by about 80 percent of people. In many cases of low back pain, the problem can usually be traced back to not having a strong enough core, which can be overcome through regular exercise plus stretching (see below). Regularly performing lower back muscles, plus standing and moving more throughout the day, can do wonders to help prevent persistent back pain and injury.
• Instability and muscular imbalances: According to Men’s Journal, it’s not uncommon for men to have uneven lat strength which contributes to loss of balance and pressure placed on the spine. (9) Postural problems, including spinal abnormalities or injuries that stem down to the legs, along with muscular compensations or inactivity put added pressure on the back. People of all ages experience poor posture, but you’re especially at risk for dealing with side effects due to a weak back if you don’t rest enough between workouts, you’re sedentary, older than middle-aged or overweight. Exercises and strength training will help reduce back pain by increasing flexibility, reducing inflammation, improving posture and reducing muscular compensations/weakness in the pelvis or hips.

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Best Lat Exercises and Stretches to Build Strength

Even if you don’t belong to a gym or want to attend some sort of strength-training or yoga class, you practice simple bodyweight exercises and stretches at home in order to build lat strength and improve overall flexibility. Regularly performing several full-body movements and key stretches will help alleviate core weakness, stiffness in the lower back and muscular compensations that extend down through your hips legs.

Do 2–3 of the exercises below, approximately 1–2 times per week, for major body parts like the lats. Aim for 10–15 reps, unless otherwise stated. Follow with the two stretch moves afterwards.

Lat workouts are often best complemented by either 1) a chest workout or 2) a biceps workout.

LAT EXERCISES

Lat Pulldowns Using A Machine OR

Basic pulldown exercises using a machine at the gym are one of the best ways to engage the lats. You can either sit down on the machine’s bench or kneel on one or both knees (whichever helps you grasp the bar evenly above your head). Pull down on the bar evenly to bring it down to your chest while keeping your back straight, then raise the bar back to starting position.

Lat Pulldowns Using Exercise Bands OR

Utilizing an inexpensive resistance band at home or the gym is a great way to improve latissimus dorsi strength, as well as strength in your shoulders and core. Start by anchoring a band to a stable high point, such as around a pole, and grabbing each end of the band using your hands. Begin with your arms straight and in front of your head, then pull the arms back to bend your elbows as you bring your hands closer to the front of your chest.

Chin-Ups

Using a pull-up bar, face and grab the bar with your palms overhead facing toward you. Your arms will be extended overhead in the starting position. Keep your torso as straight as possible as you lift and pull your torso up until your head is around the level of the bar. From this contracted position, slowly lower your torso back to the starting position until your arms are fully extended overhead again. Breath and repeat for about 5-10 reps. If this is too difficult for you, try using a bench under your feet for some assistance or a pull-up assist if available.

Seated Rows OR

Using a machine, sit with your knees bent so that your shoulders are level with the machine handles and your back straight. With a handle in each hand, sit tall and pull the handles toward you as you bend the elbows and move the shoulder blades together. Return to starting position and repeat.

Dumbbell One-Arm Rows

Stand near one side of a bench and place your opposite knee and palm flat on the top of the bench. Keeping your arm on the bench straight and torso horizontal while you bend over, hold a dumbbell in your hanging hand. Lift the dumbbell up toward your torso/side of your chest while bending the elbow, then lower and repeat. Squeeze your belly in and try to use strength and go slowly in both directions, rather than just relying on momentum.

Laying Trunk Lifts  (Aka “Supermans”) OR

Laying down on the floor with your fingers interlaced behind your head, lift your chest and shoulders off the ground to engage your back. You can either keep your ankles/feet anchored to the floor by placing them under a bar or having someone support you, or lift the toes slightly. Raise and lower about 5–10 times, going slowly and breathing. Be careful not to overextend or yank your neck.

Yoga Chair Pose (Held Squat)

Place your feet together so your big toes touch then lift your arms above your head bringing the palms to face inward. Imagine a chair behind you that’s ready to catch your hips as you bend your knees and sink your pelvis down and backward. Tuck your tailbone down and keep your arms extended overhead while trying to maintain a straight back. Hold for 5–10 breaths as you lengthen on your inhales through your back and lower further down on your exhales.

LAT STRETCHES

Standing Overhead Reach

Although they’re simple to stretch (you only need to extend your arms overhead), the lats are commonly neglected during most post-workout cool-downs. To gently engage and stretch your lats, stand upright with your arms reaching above your head. You may want to slightly bend side to side, but go slowly to avoid yanking. Hold your reach for between 10–30 seconds at a time, continuing to length the rib cage up and tucking the tailbone down.

Cat-Cows or Kneeling Arm Stretches

You can repeat the same type of arms-overhead movement as described above when kneeling on the floor on your shins/knees. Reach your fingertips overhead to touch the floor as you extend your shoulders and engage your back muscles. Do this while keeping your hips either lifted or down near your heels. Hold the stretch for 10–30 seconds while breathing deeply to soften your muscles. In yoga, this is known as “child’s pose” if you’re hips stay low to the floor or “puppy pose” if you’re hips stay lifted. You can also try other yoga poses by staying kneeled down on your shins while breathing through “cat-cow” movements. Do these as you stretch the back in one direction upward by lifting your chest and tailbone, then down towards the ground as you reverse.

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Precautions When Activating the Latissimus Dorsi

If the lats or other parts of your back start to feel pain during your workout, or pain increases afterwards and lasts more than 2–3 days, back off from exercising the area and rest for at least several days. Begin exercises slowly and don’t overdo stretches. If you feel throbbing, stiffness or notice swelling extending up to the upper body, avoid resistance training involving the painful areas and consider seeing a doctor or physical therapist for advice.

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