Butterbur: Powerful Herb that Helps with Allergy & Migraine Relief

Seasonal allergies are often accompanied by a flurry of unpleasant symptoms, such as sneezing, sniffling and itchy, uncomfortable eyes. If you’re like most, you’ve probably desperately reached for the antihistamines to find quick relief from your allergies only to experience added symptoms like drowsiness, dry mouth or nausea. Fortunately, there are options that provide natural allergy relief, such as butterbur, which can help prevent symptoms without the unpleasant side effects.

Butterbur is good for more than just allergy season, though. It can be used year-round to help relieve inflammation, prevent migraines, reduce asthma symptoms, and even protect the brain and heart from damage.

What is butterbur?

Butterbur, or Petasites hybridus, is a type of shrub typically found in Europe, as well as some parts of Asia and North America.

As a member of the sunflower family of plants, it is related to the dandelion, marigold, dahlia, safflower, thistle and artichoke.

The butterbur plant is a perennial plant with white, pink or green flowers that bloom in late winter or spring. It also has large, round, rhubarb-like leaves that were supposedly used to wrap butter in when the weather was warm, giving this herb its distinctive name.

Its potent medicinal properties have been used for centuries as a natural remedy for a myriad of conditions. Still, it is only recently that studies have begun to unearth the many health benefits of butterbur.

Today, it is a common component of many over-the-counter products. Extracts from the leaves, stem and roots of the plant are typically available in soft gel capsule form, making it quick, easy and convenient to add to your daily routine.

What are the benefits of butterbur?

Butterbur has been a staple for thousands of years and has been used historically to help treat everything from chronic pain to lung disease. In the Middle Ages, it was used specifically to lower fevers and even treat the plague. In the 17th century, meanwhile, it was used to promote wound healing and treat asthma.

Today, it is widely available in extract form and used to help treat a variety of issues. However, it has been shown to be especially beneficial in the treatment of migraines and seasonal allergies.

A growing body of research attributes its effectiveness to its antioxidant content as well as the presence of petasin and isopetasin, two compounds that help reduce spasms and inflammation to prevent migraines.

As more studies emerge, however, the list of potential uses for butterbur continues to grow.

1. Helps treat seasonal allergies

Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever or seasonal allergies, is an allergic response that results in symptoms like sneezing and itchy, watery eyes. Although traditional treatment includes medications like antihistamines, steroids and decongestants, butterbur may be an effective natural alternative to help reduce symptoms.

In one study out of Switzerland with 168 participants, butterbur extract was significantly more effective at treating hay fever than a placebo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison.

In another study, the effects of butterbur were compared to cetirizine, also known as Zyrtec, a drug used to treat seasonal allergies. Not only was the herb as effective as cetirizine at improving symptoms, but it also resulted in fewer negative side effects, such as drowsiness and fatigue.

For those who suffer from seasonal allergies, butterbur may be an excellent option to help decrease symptoms and avoid the adverse side effects that can come with traditional medications.

2. May relieve migraines

If you’ve ever suffered from migraines, you are probably all too familiar with the long list of migraine symptoms that come with them. Throbbing pain, sensitivity to light and sound, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting are all common side effects when you have a migraine.

Fortunately, butterbur extract has been shown to help naturally treat migraines.

In a study published in Neurology, butterbur slashed migraine frequency by 48 percent over a four-month treatment period in participants. Another trial found similar results, showing that the herb decreased the number of migraines by 47 percent and was significantly more effective than a placebo.

Further research out of Germany focused just on children and adolescents taking butterbur and found migraine frequency dropped by 63 percent, and 91 percent still felt improvements four months after treatment.

If you suffer from frequent migraines, butterbur may be a great natural herb to keep on hand. You may also want to consider other natural options, like feverfew, that have been shown to provide migraine relief as well.

3. Can help reduce asthma symptoms

Some evidence shows that butterbur could be used in combination with traditional treatment to help improve asthma symptoms.

A 2004 study conducted by the University of Heidelberg in Germany measured the effects of butterbur on 80 participants with asthma for four months. Not only did the severity, duration and number of asthma attacks decrease, but symptoms also improved and 40 percent of participants reduced their use of asthma medications.

Another small clinical trial evaluated Petasites hybridus at doses of 50 milligrams per day (25 milligrams twice daily) in 16 patients with asthma and found that short-term supplementation improved bronchial hyperresponsiveness, a key marker of asthma severity. This suggests that butterbur may help reduce airway reactivity and improve breathing function.

4. May help protect the brain

Interestingly enough, there is some evidence showing that this herb could potentially help keep your brain healthy and protect it against oxidative damage.

Oxidative damage is caused by the buildup of harmful free radicals, compounds that form as a result of factors like stress, pollution and a poor diet. If free radicals aren’t neutralized by antioxidants, they can cause damage to your cells and even lead to chronic disease.

An animal study published in the European Journal of Nutrition demonstrated that butterbur has a protective effect on the brain. In fact, it was able to prevent damage to the brain even after a neurotoxin was administered.

This herb also contains a plant compound called kaempferol, which is also found in foods like broccoli, Brussels sprouts, spinach, apples and green tea. Kaempferol boasts a long list of health benefits and has even been shown to prevent oxidative damage to the brain in lab research.

The compounds found in butterbur may be able to help keep your brain healthy and prevent degenerative disorders of the brain, such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. However, more vigorous studies conducted on human subjects are needed to fully confirm these effects.

5. May promote heart health

This herb is bursting with health-promoting compounds and antioxidants that may help improve the health of your heart and reduce certain heart disease risk factors.

Human research on Petasites hybridus has primarily focused on neurological and respiratory conditions, but its underlying mechanisms suggest potential relevance to cardiovascular health. Clinical and pharmacological data indicate that butterbur’s active compounds, petasins, can help relax smooth muscle tissue and inhibit inflammatory leukotrienes, both of which play a role in maintaining healthy blood vessel function and circulation.

These effects may support vascular tone and reduce inflammatory stress within the cardiovascular system. However, it’s important to note that direct human clinical trials specifically evaluating butterbur for heart health outcomes are currently lacking, so its benefits in this area remain supportive rather than conclusively established.

In a 2010 animal study, butterbur supplementation was shown to decrease total cholesterol, bad LDL cholesterol and oxidative stress in mice. Another animal study also found that it improved cholesterol concentrations and even reduced body weight and fat accumulation.

The kaempferol found in this herb may also benefit heart health. Several studies have shown that it can protect against damage to the heart caused by heart attacks.

6. Holds anti-inflammatory compounds

Although inflammation is a normal response by the immune system, more and more research shows that chronic inflammation could be at the root of many diseases. In fact, inflammation is thought to contribute to conditions like obesity, cancer, diabetes and heart disease.

Butterbur contains potent anti-inflammatory properties and has been shown to prevent the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the body. Kaempferol, one of the components found in this herb, also contains inflammation-busting properties.

These anti-inflammatory properties are partially responsible for this potent herb’s effects in helping with allergies.

For instance, a randomized, controlled study on Petasites hybridus in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis demonstrated that butterbur extract significantly reduced inflammatory responses by inhibiting leukotriene production and mast cell activation, key drivers of inflammation in the body. This effect was observed through reduced reactivity to nasal provocation testing, indicating a measurable anti-inflammatory response in humans.

Based on these studies, pairing butterbur with a well-rounded diet and healthy lifestyle could help decrease inflammation and prevent chronic disease.

How to use butterbur

Butterbur is most commonly found as a supplement in capsule form, and it’s widely available in most natural health stores, pharmacies and online retailers.

It is also found in some natural medications, such as Petadolex. Petadolex is a medicine containing butterbur that is used to promote blood flow and prevent migraines.

Most studies show that this herb is most effective when administered at a dosage of 50 to 75 milligrams twice a day. You may want to begin with a smaller amount and gradually increase your intake to assess tolerance.

Keep in mind that some products containing butterbur may also contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), chemicals that can cause damage to the liver as well as other adverse side effects. If you have liver problems, avoid raw butterbur, and look for butterbur PA-free products to avoid this harmful chemical.

Additionally, make sure to look for a reputable brand with minimal added ingredients to ensure you’re getting the best possible quality.

The butterbur plant in dried or extract form can also be used to make an allergy-fighting tea.

Here is a recipe for butterbur tea that you can try:

Butterbur tea

Serves: 1

INGREDIENTS:

• 1 teaspoon dried butterbur root
• Water
• Raw honey, stevia or maple syrup (optional)

DIRECTIONS:

1. Soak dried root in one cup of cold water for 10 to 12 hours. This helps bring out the concentrated medicinal properties of the root.
2. Add dried roots to a pot of water, and bring to a boil.
3. Once water is boiling, turn the heat down and simmer for three to five minutes.
4. Strain tea into a cup using a mesh strainer.
5. Enjoy as is, or sweeten with your choice of natural sweetener.

Risks and side effects

Although generally safe and well-tolerated, some people may want to avoid butterbur.

Some individuals may be allergic to this herb. Butterbur allergies are most commonly seen in those who are also sensitive to other plants in the same family, like ragweed, daisies, marigolds and chrysanthemums.

If you experience symptoms like hives, itching or swelling of the throat, you should discontinue use immediately, and talk to your doctor.

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, the use of butterbur is not recommended as its effects have not yet been studied. Additionally, although it has been shown to be safe and effective for children, it should only be given to children under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

You should also be sure to only use products that are labeled as certified PA-free to prevent liver damage and other negative effects. Consumption of raw, unprocessed butterbur for those with liver problems in particular is not recommended, as these harmful chemicals have not been removed.

Common butterbur side effects include headache, diarrhea, fatigue, belching and itchy eyes.

As always, if you experience negative side effects, you may want to decrease your dosage or discontinue use and consult with your doctor.

Frequently asked questions

What is butterbur?

Petasites hybridus is a perennial plant traditionally used for migraines, allergies and inflammation. Modern supplements use purified butterbur extract that is free of toxic compounds called pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

What is butterbur used for?

Butterbur is most commonly used for:

• Migraine prevention
• Seasonal allergies (hay fever)
• Reducing inflammation and muscle spasms

It has been studied for its ability to relax blood vessels and reduce inflammatory signaling.

Does butterbur help with migraines?

Yes, it is best known for migraine prevention. Clinical studies have shown that PA-free butterbur extract may reduce the frequency of migraine attacks when taken consistently.

Is butterbur effective for allergies?

It may help relieve allergy symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion and itchy eyes. Some research suggests it works similarly to antihistamines but without causing drowsiness.

Is butterbur safe to take?

It is only considered safe when it is PA-free. Raw or unprocessed butterbur contains toxic compounds that can damage the liver.

Always choose:

• Certified PA-free butterbur extract
• Reputable brands with third-party testing

What are the side effects of butterbur?

Possible side effects may include:

• Digestive upset
• Headache
• Itching or mild allergic reactions

Rarely, liver issues can occur if the product is not properly purified.

Who should not take butterbur?

Butterbur is not recommended for:

• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Individuals with liver disease
• People allergic to ragweed or related plants

Always consult a healthcare provider before use.

How much butterbur should you take?

Typical dosages for butterbur extract are as follows:

• Migraines: 50 to 75 milligrams twice daily (PA-free extract)
• Allergies: 50 milligrams two to three times daily

Dosage may vary based on product standardization and individual needs.

How long does butterbur take to work?

For migraines, effects may be noticeable within four to 12 weeks. For allergies, some people experience relief within days to weeks. Consistency is key for best results.

What does “PA-free butterbur” mean?

“PA-free” means the butterbur extract has had toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids removed. This is critical for safety, as PAs are linked to liver damage.

Is butterbur natural?

Yes, butterbur is a natural plant, but supplements are typically processed extracts to remove harmful compounds and concentrate beneficial active ingredients like petasin.

Can you take butterbur daily?

Yes, PA-free butterbur is often taken daily for ongoing support, especially for migraine prevention and allergy management. Long-term use should be monitored by a healthcare professional.

Butterbur vs. antihistamines: Which is better?

Butterbur may be a natural alternative to antihistamines for some people. It may provide similar allergy relief without causing drowsiness, but effectiveness can vary by individual.

Butterbur vs. magnesium for migraines: Which is better?

Butterbur helps reduce inflammation and vascular spasms. Magnesium supports nerve function and reduces migraine triggers. They are sometimes used together for a more comprehensive migraine strategy.

Is butterbur FDA approved?

Butterbur supplements are not FDA-approved drugs. However, standardized PA-free extracts are widely used and studied for safety and effectiveness.

Conclusion

• Studies have shown that butterbur may potentially help treat migraines, reduce seasonal allergy symptoms, protect the heart and brain, relieve inflammation, and lessen asthma severity.
• It’s easy to add this herb into your daily routine by either using a supplement once or twice per day or brewing the occasional cup of butterbur tea.
• Use it alone or with other natural substances along with a healthy lifestyle to help improve certain conditions and take strides toward better health.