Colostrum: Benefits of Nature’s First Superfood

Colostrum is often referred to as “nature’s first food” or “liquid gold” because it is the first form of milk produced by mammals, including humans (breast milk), in the early days following childbirth.

This nutrient-rich, antibody-packed fluid plays a critical role in boosting the immune system and promoting gut health in newborns.

However, colostrum isn’t just for infants. It’s increasingly being used by adults as a supplement to support immune health, improve digestion and enhance athletic performance.

What exactly is colostrum, and how can it benefit your health? This article will dive in to the details of this supplement, its nutrition profile, health benefits and how to use it.

What is colostrum?

Colostrum is a form of milk produced by mammals during late pregnancy and the first few days after giving birth. It is thicker, yellowish and more nutrient-dense than regular milk.

It is packed with essential nutrients, including antibodies (immunoglobulins), growth factors and cytokines, that help strengthen the immune system and promote tissue repair.

While it is most commonly associated with infant nutrition, bovine colostrum (from cows) has become popular as a supplement for adults due to its health-boosting properties.

Bovine colostrum is almost identical to human colostrum but contains even higher levels of certain beneficial compounds, making it an attractive option for supplementation. Many supplements derived from bovine colostrum are available in powder, capsule or liquid form.

Nutrition facts

Colostrum is a powerhouse of nutrients. Though its nutritional composition can vary depending on the source (human, bovine, etc.), common components include:

• Proteins: It is rich in bioactive proteins, including lactoferrin, which supports immune function, and casein, which promotes muscle recovery.
• Antibodies (Immunoglobulins): These proteins help the body fight infections. Bovine colostrum is particularly high in immunoglobulins G (IgG), A (IgA) and M (IgM).
• Growth factors: It contains insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2), which are important for tissue repair and muscle growth.
• Cytokines: These small proteins help modulate the immune response, reducing inflammation.
• Carbohydrates: It provides energy primarily through lactose, a natural sugar found in milk.
• Fats: Healthy fats in this liquid provide essential fatty acids and contribute to brain and cellular health.
• Vitamins and minerals: It contains a wide array of micronutrients, including vitamin A, vitamin E, zinc, vitamin D, B complex, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, which support overall health.

Health benefits

1. Boosts immune function

Colostrum is loaded with antibodies and immune-boosting factors that help the body fight off infections. Studies have shown that bovine colostrum can improve immunity, particularly in the gut, where it helps combat pathogens and bacteria.

In fact, a review published in 2024 in the journal Nutrients revealed that “bovine colostrum is an ingredient that has a positive effect on immunity in people of all ages.” Another review highlighted that bovine colostrum contains immunoglobulins, lactoferrin and casein, which can modulate the function of lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. It also increases regulatory cytokines like interleukin-10, contributing to its immunomodulatory effects.

A placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized, cross-over trial involving 12 healthy subjects evaluated the acute effects of a bovine colostrum low-molecular weight fraction (CLMWF) on innate immune function. Participants received either a placebo or 150 mg of CLMWF orally, and blood samples were collected immediately before and at one and two hours after consumption.

The study found that CLMWF consumption led to rapid changes in cellular immune function, suggesting an enhancement of innate immunity.

Yet another study examined the effects of 12 weeks of bovine colostrum milk supplementation on immune function. The findings indicated that consuming the milk may induce metabolic changes and reduce the expression of various pro-inflammatory mediators, thereby improving immune function.

2. Supports gut health

The growth factors and immunoglobulins in colostrum promote gut health by helping restore the intestinal lining. It helps stimulate the growth of intestinal cells, strengthen the gut wall and prevent intestinal permeability.

This makes it beneficial for individuals suffering from conditions like leaky gut syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or diarrhea caused by infection.

For instance, research published in 2017 found that oral supplementation with bovine colostrum decreased intestinal permeability and stool concentrations of zonulin, “a protein that modulates the permeability of narrow junctions between the cells of the digestive tract wall and is considered an important biomarker used to assess impaired gut barrier function,” in athletes.

Another study found that patients with IBS who took colostrum had a slightly higher rate of symptom relief compared to a placebo. It’s also been found to effectively treat infectious diarrhea in several studies.

A 2021 review highlighted substantial evidence of bovine colostrum’s efficacy in managing inflammatory bowel disease. The study suggested that its bioactive components contribute to mucosal healing and modulation of the immune response in the gut.

3. Enhances athletic performance and muscle recovery

Athletes often use colostrum supplements to improve muscle recovery and enhance performance. The growth factors it contains, particularly IGF-1, help repair muscle tissue and boost stamina, as shown in soccer players.

Research also has indicated that colostrum can reduce muscle damage and improve recovery after intense exercise, including in football players.

A 2002 study published in the Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport examined the impact of bovine colostrum supplementation during endurance running training. Participants consumed 60 grams per day of either bovine colostrum or a whey protein placebo over an eight-week period.

The findings indicated that while colostrum supplementation did not significantly improve running performance, it did enhance recovery, as evidenced by improved post-exercise recovery markers.

Further research published in 2005 explored the effects of a two-week bovine colostrum supplementation (20 grams per day) on muscle protein metabolism and strength performance in physically active men. The study found that supplementation led to increased serum concentrations of essential amino acids during recovery after strength training sessions.

However, there were no significant differences in strength performance or protein net balance between the colostrum and placebo groups.

A 2024 study investigated the effects of a 12-week high-dose colostrum supplementation (25 grams per day) in endurance-trained male athletes. The results showed a favorable increase in post-exercise salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentrations, suggesting that this supplement may support local immune defense mechanisms following exercise-induced stress.

4. May aid in weight management

Colostrum’s ability to promote lean muscle growth and regulate the gut microbiome can play a role in weight management. Although research is limited, some studies have suggested that it may help support fat metabolism and maintain a healthy body composition.

A randomized clinical trial involving children with the condition nonorganic failure to thrive assessed the effects of bovine colostrum supplementation (40 mg/kg/day) over a three-month period. The study found that children receiving colostrum experienced a significant increase in weight compared to the control group, indicating that it may aid in weight gain in pediatric populations with growth challenges.

Another study explored the effects of bovine colostrum supplementation (5 grams twice daily) over four weeks in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The findings showed a continual decrease in postprandial blood glucose levels during the supplementation period, suggesting that colostrum may have a role in glycemic control, which could indirectly influence weight management.

5. Promotes skin health

The growth factors and vitamins in this substance can promote skin repair and reduce signs of aging. Its high levels of antioxidants also help protect the skin from oxidative stress, which can lead to premature aging.

A 2021 study published in the Journal of Drugs in Dermatology examined the “the protective effect that liposomal bovine colostrum exerts on skin aging using telomere length as an aging biomarker.” The researchers concluded that “topical treatment of the liposomal bovine colostrum formulation would enhance skin health as the skin ages.”

6. Supports respiratory health

Bovine colostrum has been shown to reduce the incidence of upper respiratory infections, particularly in athletes who are prone to these conditions due to intense physical exertion. Its immune-modulating properties help protect against common respiratory pathogens.

A 2003 study examined the effects of concentrated bovine colostrum protein (CBC) supplementation on the incidence of self-reported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in adult males. Participants consumed 60 grams per day of either CBC or a whey protein placebo for eight weeks.

The findings revealed that a significantly lower proportion of subjects in the CBC group reported URTI symptoms compared to the placebo group (32% vs. 48%, respectively), suggesting that CBC supplementation may reduce the incidence of URTIs.

Another randomized, controlled trial investigated whether moderate-dose bovine colostrum supplementation could prevent URTIs in young adults. Participants received bovine colostrum supplementation, and the results indicated a protective effect against URTIs, supporting the potential of colostrum in maintaining respiratory health in this population.

Meanwhile, more research assessed the preventive use of bovine colostrum against URTIs in healthy preschool children. In this randomized, controlled trial, children received bovine colostrum supplementation for six weeks.

The results demonstrated that supplementation effectively reduced the incidence of URTIs in this age group, indicating its potential benefit in supporting respiratory health among young children.

Supplements and dosage

Colostrum supplements are most commonly derived from cows (bovine colostrum) and come in several forms, including powder, capsules, tablets and liquid.

While there’s no standardized dosage, most studies have used 20–60 grams of bovine colostrum per day. It’s best to start with a lower dose and gradually increase as tolerated.

The most effective dosage can vary based on the intended health benefits, but typical recommendations are as follows:

• General Immune Support: 500–1000 mg per day.
• Athletic Performance: 10–20 grams of colostrum powder per day.
• Gut Health: 1–2 grams per day, depending on the severity of the condition.

When using colostrum powder, it can be mixed into water, smoothies, other beverages or soft foods for easy consumption. Capsules and tablets should be taken with water.

For maximum absorption, it’s often recommended to take it on an empty stomach.

It’s important to follow the dosage instructions on the specific product you’re using, as concentrations may vary.

Risks and side effects

Bovine colostrum is generally considered safe for most people. However, some potential side effects may include:

• Nausea
• Bloating
• Flatulence

While it is generally considered safe for most people, it is essential to be aware of potential risks:

1. Allergic reactions: Individuals who are allergic to dairy or lactose intolerant may experience allergic reactions or digestive issues, like bloating, gas or diarrhea, when consuming it.
2. Interactions with medications: It could interact with certain medications, such as immunosuppressants. Consult your healthcare provider if you’re on any medications before adding colostrum supplements to your routine.
3. Contamination risks: Poor-quality supplements may be contaminated with pathogens or heavy metals, so it’s essential to purchase from reputable brands that conduct third-party testing.

Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare providers before taking colostrum supplements to ensure safety for themselves and their babies.

Frequently asked questions

What is bovine colostrum?

Bovine colostrum is the nutrient-rich first milk produced by cows within the first few days after giving birth. It is packed with essential nutrients, growth factors, antibodies and immune-boosting compounds that support the health and development of newborn calves.

Because of its beneficial properties, it is also used as a dietary supplement for humans.

How do you collect colostrum?

Colostrum is collected from cows within the first 24-48 hours after they give birth. Farmers and dairy producers typically use milking machines or manual milking techniques to extract it.

The collected colostrum is then stored under controlled conditions, either refrigerated or freeze-dried, to preserve its bioactive compounds for supplementation or medical use.

What is the purpose of colostrum?

Colostrum is the first milk produced by mammals after giving birth, designed to provide newborns with essential nutrients, antibodies and growth factors. Its primary purposes are:

• Immune Support: Rich in immunoglobulins to protect against infections.
• Nutritional Boost: Supplies proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals critical for growth.
• Gut Health: Contains bioactive compounds that help establish and protect the gut lining.

When does colostrum come in?

In cows, colostrum is produced immediately after giving birth and lasts for about 24-48 hours before transitioning into regular milk. In humans, it is produced during late pregnancy and continues for a few days postpartum before breast milk fully matures.

Should adults take colostrum?

Adults can take it as a supplement for its potential benefits, such as:

• Boosting immune system function.
• Improving gut health and reducing symptoms of leaky gut.
• Enhancing athletic performance and recovery.
• Supporting overall well-being.

Bovine colostrum, derived from cows, is commonly used in supplements for adults.

What are the side effects of taking colostrum?

It is generally safe for most people, but potential side effects include:

• Digestive Issues: Nausea, bloating or diarrhea.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare, but possible in individuals allergic to dairy.
• Drug Interactions: May interfere with certain medications (e.g., immunosuppressants).

What foods have colostrum?

It is found naturally in:

• Dairy: Fresh colostrum from cows or goats can sometimes be sourced from farms.
• Specialty Products: Some health food stores offer colostrum-enriched dairy products.
• Supplements: Colostrum powders, capsules and tablets are widely available.

Is colostrum good for you?

Yes, colostrum is beneficial for human health. It contains high levels of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, growth factors and antimicrobial peptides that support immune function, gut health, muscle growth and overall well-being.

Research has suggested that supplementation may help improve immunity, reduce inflammation and support athletic performance.

What are the benefits of adults taking colostrum?

Adults may experience the following benefits from supplementation:

• Improved Immune Function: Increased resistance to infections and faster recovery from illness.
• Enhanced Gut Health: Strengthens the gut lining and reduces symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders.
• Athletic Performance: Aids in muscle recovery and reduces exercise-induced inflammation.
• Anti-Aging: Contains growth factors that may support skin health and tissue repair.
• Allergy Relief: May reduce symptoms of seasonal allergies by modulating immune responses.

What are the disadvantages of colostrum?

Disadvantages of taking it include:

• Cost: Supplements can be expensive.
• Limited Evidence: While promising, not all benefits are backed by robust clinical studies.
• Dairy Allergies: Unsuitable for individuals allergic to milk or lactose intolerant.
• Ethical Concerns: Some people question the ethics of sourcing bovine colostrum.

Who should not take colostrum?

Individuals who should avoid this supplement include:

• People with Dairy Allergies: Due to potential allergic reactions.
• Immunocompromised Individuals: Consult a doctor, as it may interact with immune-modulating treatments.
• Pregnant or Breastfeeding Women: Limited research is available on its safety during these periods.
• People on Certain Medications: It could interact with immunosuppressants or other drugs.

Can you take colostrum every day?

Yes, it is generally safe for daily use. A typical dose ranges from 500 mg to 2,000 mg per day, depending on the supplement and health goals.

Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations and consult a healthcare professional if needed.

Conclusion

• Colostrum is a nutrient-packed, immune-boosting powerhouse that has benefits for both newborns and adults.
• From enhancing gut health to improving athletic performance, this type of supplement offers a wide range of health advantages.
• However, as with any supplement, it’s crucial to choose high-quality products and follow recommended dosage guidelines.
• Always consult a healthcare professional before incorporating a new supplement into your health regimen, especially if you have allergies or underlying health conditions.