Chlorophyll: Benefits, Liquid Chlorophyll, Foods & Side Effects

Dr. Josh Axe Vitamin Advisor · 4–5 questions

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Chlorophyll is the pigment that gives spinach, parsley and other leafy greens their color, and it's how a plant captures light and turns it into energy.1 You take it in every time you eat greens: a cup of raw spinach carries about 24 milligrams, and half a cup of parsley about 19.34 Most liquid chlorophyll on store shelves is sodium copper chlorophyllin, a water-soluble compound made from chlorophyll and the form used in the aflatoxin and odor trials on this page.4

Greens come first. In Heal Your Cells, Dr. Will Cole and I recommend leafy greens such as spinach, kale, arugula and Swiss chard for their magnesium, folate and vitamin K.8 Among the book's foods for a younger detox system, we note that the chlorophyll in leafy greens supports bile flow and binds toxins.8 Chlorophyll is also on my list of things that help your body bind and clear heavy metals, along with eating plenty of steamed vegetables, spirulina, chlorella and probiotics.2

Greens have a place in my own family's story too. During my mom's cancer recovery, which came through nutrition and lifestyle alongside her medical care, she made a green drink every morning from spinach, celery, cucumber, cilantro, lime and a green apple, blended or juiced.9

Did you know?

• Aflatoxins were discovered in the early 1960s, after toxic peanut meal killed large numbers of young turkeys, ducklings and chicks in the UK.10

• Sodium copper chlorophyllin turns up in small amounts in some green table olives, and the FDA allows it as a green color in citrus-based dry drink mixes.411

• In a Swiss lab analysis of 22 fruits and vegetables, chlorophyll ran from 6 micrograms per gram in grapes to 790 in spinach.3

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What is chlorophyll?

Chlorophyll is built on a ring-shaped core, the same basic structure as the heme in your blood's hemoglobin, with magnesium at the center where heme holds iron, plus a long tail that makes it dissolve in fat.4 On my show, I've described the two as surprisingly similar, almost like nature reused a blueprint and swapped the mineral in the center.1

Your body handles chlorophyll mostly in the gut. In animal studies, only about 1% to 3% of the chlorophyll eaten is absorbed, and gut bacteria transform the rest before it leaves in stool.4 That suits the job researchers credit it with: chlorophyll and its relatives work largely by changing how much of certain toxins your body takes in.12

Chlorophyll vs. chlorophyllin: what's in liquid chlorophyll?

Natural chlorophyll is fragile and breaks down easily, so most over-the-counter chlorophyll supplements, including liquid chlorophyll, contain sodium copper chlorophyllin instead.4 Chlorophyllin is made from chlorophyll: copper replaces the magnesium at the center and the fatty tail comes off, so it dissolves in water.4 The FDA lists it as a color additive, made from alfalfa, that carries 4% to 6% copper.11

Part of it reaches your blood. In the aflatoxin trial in China, people taking 300 milligrams a day absorbed a form of copper chlorin e4, chlorophyllin's main component, which reached about 3 micromoles per liter in their blood by weeks 8 to 12 and tinted many of their serum samples green.513 In a lab model of digestion, that component held up, while more than 90% of another one, copper chlorin e6, broke down.14

A third green product turns up in chlorophyll research: thylakoids, the chlorophyll-holding membranes inside spinach leaves, studied as an appetite supplement and covered in the benefits below.15

A short history of chlorophyll as a remedy

Chlorophyll entered medicine through wound care. Research in the 1940s found that chlorophyllin slowed the growth of certain bacteria in the test tube and sped the healing of experimental wounds in animals, and chlorophyllin solutions and ointments went on to be used on persistent open wounds in people.4 In the 1940s and 1950s, chlorophyllin was also seen to take the smell out of foul-smelling wounds, so it began to be given by mouth to people with colostomies and ileostomies, a use the FDA's over-the-counter rules still recognize.46 Its newest chapter comes from Qidong, China, where five decades of research on aflatoxin in the food supply included the chlorophyllin trial described below.16

Which foods are highest in chlorophyll?

Chlorophyll measured in raw vegetables by a Swiss lab (Bohn and colleagues, 2004), per serving as tabulated by the Linus Pauling Institute.34

How you prepare greens changes what's left. In the Swiss analysis, spinach lost about 35% of its chlorophyll when fresh leaves were chopped or frozen leaves were thawed, and about 50% when it was boiled or steamed.3 Eat some of your greens raw each day, in salads, smoothies and fresh herbs, and enjoy cooked greens for everything else they bring. I also recommend bitter foods such as arugula, artichokes and dandelion greens for supporting detox, alongside bitter herbs that stimulate bile flow, which helps carry toxins out of the body.19

Does chlorophyll give you magnesium?

Greens give you magnesium, though most of it sits outside the chlorophyll molecule. By USDA's figures, a cup of raw spinach (30 grams) supplies 23.7 milligrams of magnesium.20 In the Swiss analysis, chlorophyll-bound magnesium made up 2.5% to 10.5% of the magnesium in leafy greens, so the whole leaf is your source.3 Our list of foods high in magnesium has more.

Chlorella, wheatgrass and green powders

Concentrated green foods pack more chlorophyll into each spoonful. In Ancient Remedies, I describe chlorella as a green alga that, as its name implies, is loaded with chlorophyll.21 In lab measurements, dried Chlorella vulgaris carried about 9 to 14 milligrams of chlorophyll per gram, depending on whether it was grown in light or in the dark.17 Chlorella is one of my gentle binders too,19 and Heal Your Cells lists spirulina or chlorella in our liver protocol at 3 to 5 grams a day to bind heavy metals.8

Wheatgrass juice powder, made from young wheat shoots, measured 3 to 5.6 milligrams of chlorophyll per gram across four wheat varieties grown three different ways.18 Those are per-gram figures for dried powders, so compare them with each other rather than with fresh greens measured by the cup.

What is chlorophyll good for?

What are the benefits of chlorophyll?

Binding toxins leads this list. Then come odor control, skin and appetite.

More research: white blood cells

In China, chlorophyllin tablets have also been tested for leukopenia, a low white blood cell count. In a randomized trial of 105 adults with leukopenia from various causes, 40 milligrams three times a day for a month raised white cell counts enough to rate as effective in 85% of the 60 people taking it, against 26.7% of the 15 in the comparison group, who took vitamin C tablets, and about the same as the 83.3% on a white-cell-raising drug, with no side effects reported.23

How does chlorophyll help your body clear toxins?

Binding works best once you lower what comes in. Aflatoxin forms on corn, peanuts and other grains and legumes stored in hot, humid conditions.4 I recommend minimizing foods that tend to carry mycotoxins, such as peanuts, wheat, corn, alcoholic beverages, certain beans and conventional bread.37 Qidong shows the same order across a whole region: a long shift in the staple grain from corn to rice, along with stronger food-safety rules, went along with lower aflatoxin markers in people's bodies and, later, fewer deaths from liver cancer.16 The free Heal Your Cells protocol starts the same way, with a first phase called Clear.38 Our guide to detoxing from mold covers the exposure side.

The aflatoxin trial in China

Researchers enrolled 180 healthy adults, 131 women and 49 men, in a township of Qidong where everyone in the trial had aflatoxin in their blood at the start. They took one 100-milligram chlorophyllin tablet or a placebo 20 minutes before each meal, three times a day, for 4 months, and neither the people nor the researchers knew who got what. At week 12, the researchers measured aflatoxin-N7-guanine in urine, a fragment of aflatoxin-damaged DNA that the body clears and that rises in step with how much aflatoxin a person eats.510

Across 169 urine samples, the median level was 0.09 picograms per milligram of creatinine on chlorophyllin against 0.20 on placebo, 55% lower, and counting only the samples in which the marker could be detected, levels were 49% lower.5 One person dropped out, people took 97% of their tablets, and no side effects were reported beyond some dark green stool. The trial measured DNA damage from the toxin rather than liver cancer itself.5

A second study tested the food form directly. At Oregon State University, three volunteers each swallowed a tiny, traceable 30-nanogram dose of aflatoxin three ways, knowing which treatment they got: alone, with 150 milligrams of chlorophyll purified from spinach, and with 150 milligrams of chlorophyllin. Both lowered how much aflatoxin reached the bloodstream: in one volunteer, the peak blood level fell from 1.02 to 0.44 picograms per milliliter with chlorophyll. Across the study, 33 of 36 comparisons moved in that direction, and 8 were large enough to rule out chance.35

Here's how the research fits together. Steps 1 and 3 come from lab and animal studies, step 2 from those three volunteers and step 4 from the trial in China:

Where does the toxin go? In a study of 21 rats given aflatoxin, 7 per group, natural chlorophyll and chlorophyllin given with the toxin left 412% and 137% more aflatoxin in the stool than the toxin alone, and cut DNA damage in the liver by 55% and 42%.36 Neither one raised the liver's own detox enzymes, pointing to binding in the gut as the way they work. In a second study of 30 rats, the share of the liver taken up by precancerous spots was 77% smaller with chlorophyll and 74% smaller with chlorophyllin at 18 weeks.36

A week or two of activated charcoal is fine in certain protocols, but it backs you up and binds a lot of your nutrients and minerals. For an ongoing detox, which is what I prefer, gentle binders such as spirulina, chlorella, apple or citrus pectin, and humic and fulvic acid are much better for long-term use.19 Support your liver alongside them: milk thistle, dandelion and N-acetyl cysteine are beneficial because they support your body's production of glutathione, an antioxidant your cells make.37 Our heavy metal detox guide and our guide on how to detox your body cover the rest of the plan.

How much chlorophyll should you take a day?

The FDA's labeling rule for chlorophyllin as an internal deodorant covers adults and children 12 and older: 100 to 200 milligrams a day in divided doses, up to 100 milligrams more if needed, and no more than 300 milligrams a day.6 Liquid drops vary, so check the label for the milligrams of sodium copper chlorophyllin per serving and add up your day.

When is the best time to take chlorophyll?

Timing depends on why you're taking it. In the aflatoxin trial, people took chlorophyllin 20 minutes before each meal, the timing to copy if a food toxin is your concern.5 For everyday binding, I'd take the gentler, natural binders first thing in the morning, between meals or right before bed, though some of them can go with a meal.40 In my parasite protocol, binders go two hours away from food, herbs, supplements and medications, because binders trap everything indiscriminately, and the same protocol adds parsley and cilantro for heavy metals.41

How to get more chlorophyll

A plate full of greens, some of them raw, is your best everyday source. I recommend a superfood powder as an insurance policy, since many of us aren't getting enough vegetables.42 Green powders made with chlorella, spirulina or wheatgrass fit that role, alongside vegetables rather than in place of them. Our guide to superfoods has more.

How to choose a chlorophyll supplement

Use this checklist when you buy:

• Chlorophyllin named on the label, as sodium copper chlorophyllin or chlorophyllin copper complex, with milligrams per serving, the form the trials measured56

• A daily total at or under 300 milligrams, the ceiling on the FDA label6

• Whole-food powders named by species, such as Chlorella vulgaris, when you want natural chlorophyll

• Third-party testing for heavy metals on algae and greens powders, with results the maker will share

Chlorophyll side effects and who should skip it

Natural chlorophyll isn't known to be toxic.4 In a 2026 safety trial in healthy men, chlorophyllin was well tolerated at doses up to 3,000 milligrams, ten times the label ceiling, in a study whose authors hold a related patent; stay within the label range anyway.46

Chlorophyll and chlorophyllin can turn urine or stool green and the tongue yellow or black, and occasional diarrhea has been reported.4 The FDA label's rule is simple: if cramps or diarrhea occur, reduce the dose.6 Applied to the skin, chlorophyllin occasionally causes mild burning or itching.4

In a handful of documented cases in Australia, people who drank commercial liquid chlorophyll developed pseudoporphyria, a rare reaction that leaves fragile, blistering skin on the backs of the hands; testing found light-sensitizing compounds from chlorophyll in the drink, and in a series of four patients the sun sensitivity lasted after they stopped.4344 If you burn easily, skip liquid chlorophyll drinks, and stop any chlorophyll product at the first blister on sun-exposed skin.

Here's who should skip chlorophyll supplements or check first:

• Pregnancy and nursing. The safety of chlorophyll and chlorophyllin supplements hasn't been tested in pregnant or nursing women, so skip them and get your chlorophyll from greens.4

• Children. The FDA label covers ages 12 and older, for odor control only, so give younger children greens rather than supplements.6

• Before a guaiac test for hidden blood. In a lab study, chlorophyll tablets made guaiac card tests read falsely positive, so tell whoever orders the test that you take it.447

The bottom line

Chlorophyll: frequently asked questions

References

1. Axe J. The #1 Mineral for Sleep That 48% of People Lack. The Dr. Josh Axe Show. 2026 (Dr. Axe speaking on chlorophyll, magnesium and "plant blood" at 5:16-7:05; YouTube upload "Why Are You Always Tired? You're Deficient in THIS": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1vB4UTuW6I).
2. Axe J. Heavy Metals, Sugar Cravings, & Natural Flavors | Q&A. The Dr. Josh Axe Show. 2024 (Dr. Axe speaking, solo Q&A; "Chlorophyll, I think, is good" in his list of foods and supplements that "help bind and eliminate heavy metals"; YouTube upload "Sugar Cravings, Heavy Metals & Natural Flavors Explained | Dr. Josh Axe Q&A" at 16:18-16:52: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnYj3zCU4ek).
3. Bohn T, Walczyk T, Leisibach S, Hurrell RF. Chlorophyll-bound Magnesium in Commonly Consumed Vegetables and Fruits: Relevance to Magnesium Nutrition. J Food Sci. 2004;69(9):S347-S350. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb09947.x
4. Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center. Chlorophyll and Metallo-Chlorophyll Derivatives. Oregon State University; written 2004 by Jane Higdon, updated September 2021 by Victoria J. Drake, reviewed March 2022 by Rachel E. Kopec (Table 1, chlorophyll content of selected raw vegetables, from Bohn 2004; Safety).
5. Egner PA, Wang JB, Zhu YR, et al. Chlorophyllin intervention reduces aflatoxin-DNA adducts in individuals at high risk for liver cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98(25):14601-6. doi:10.1073/pnas.251536898
6. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 21 CFR 357.850, Labeling of deodorant drug products for internal use (chlorophyllin copper complex: "An aid to reduce odor from a colostomy or ileostomy"; "An aid to reduce fecal odor due to incontinence"; 100 to 200 mg daily, up to 300 mg). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations.
7. Stephens TJ, McCook JP, Herndon JH. Pilot Study of Topical Copper Chlorophyllin Complex in Subjects With Facial Acne and Large Pores. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14(6):589-92.
8. Axe J, Cole W. Heal Your Cells. Avery; 2026. ISBN 9798217181353 (leafy greens, p. 135; "Return to real food" and "Eat the rainbow," p. 181; liver supplement list item 6 "Spirulina/chlorella," p. 344; "Foods for a Younger Detox System," leafy greens: "Chlorophyll supports bile flow and binds toxins").
9. Axe J. The Cancer Support Protocol: A Root-Cause Approach. DrAxe.com. 2026 (p. 18, "Two daily drinks": "Mom's morning green drink" of spinach, celery, cucumber, cilantro, lime and a green apple, "the drink she made every day").
10. Wogan GN, Kensler TW, Groopman JD. Present and future directions of translational research on aflatoxin and hepatocellular carcinoma. A review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2012;29(2):249-57. doi:10.1080/19440049.2011.563370
11. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 21 CFR 73.125, Sodium copper chlorophyllin (color additive: total copper 4 to 6 percent; permitted in citrus-based dry beverage mixes up to 0.2 percent). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations.
12. Hayes M, Ferruzzi MG. Update on the bioavailability and chemopreventative mechanisms of dietary chlorophyll derivatives. Nutr Res. 2020;81:19-37. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.010
13. Egner PA, Stansbury KH, Snyder EP, et al. Identification and characterization of chlorin e(4) ethyl ester in sera of individuals participating in the chlorophyllin chemoprevention trial. Chem Res Toxicol. 2000;13(9):900-6. doi:10.1021/tx000069k
14. Ferruzzi MG, Failla ML, Schwartz SJ. Sodium copper chlorophyllin: in vitro digestive stability and accumulation by Caco-2 human intestinal cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50(7):2173-9. doi:10.1021/jf010869g
15. Rebello CJ, Chu J, Beyl R, et al. Acute Effects of a Spinach Extract Rich in Thylakoids on Satiety: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2015;34(6):470-7. doi:10.1080/07315724.2014.1003999
16. Chen JG, Kensler TW, Sun GJ, et al. Aflatoxin and Liver Cancer in China: The Evolving Research Landscape. Toxins (Basel). 2026;18(2):61. doi:10.3390/toxins18020061
17. Schüler L, Greque de Morais E, Trovão M, et al. Isolation and Characterization of Novel Chlorella Vulgaris Mutants With Low Chlorophyll and Improved Protein Contents for Food Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020;8:469. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00469
18. Kaur N, Singh B, Kaur A, et al. Effect of growing conditions on proximate, mineral, amino acid, phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of wheatgrass from different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. Food Chem. 2021;341(Pt 1):128201. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128201
19. Axe J. Cellular Toxicity: The Root Cause of Aging, Inflammation & Chronic Disease. The Dr. Josh Axe Show. 2026 (Dr. Axe speaking on gentle binders for ongoing detox at 33:41-34:34; YouTube upload "Cellular Toxicity Explained: Inflammation, Aging & Chronic Disease": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNwVs_gAjBc).
20. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central: Spinach, raw (FDC ID 168462; 1 cup = 30 g; magnesium 79 mg per 100 g).
21. Axe J. Ancient Remedies: Secrets to Healing with Herbs, Essential Oils, CBD, and the Most Powerful Natural Medicine in History. Little, Brown Spark (Hachette Book Group); 2021 (Chapter 5, "Meals Are Medicine," green foods passage: chlorella "loaded with chlorophyll"; parsley; wheatgrass juice).
22. Nahata MC, Slencsak CA, Kamp J. Effect of chlorophyllin on urinary odor in incontinent geriatric patients. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1983;17(10):732-4. doi:10.1177/106002808301701006
23. Gao F, Hu XF. Analysis of the therapeutic effect of sodium copper chlorophyllin tablet in treating 60 cases of leukopenia. Chin J Integr Med. 2005;11(4):279-82. doi:10.1007/BF02835789
24. Nikrad N, Sarghein MG, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. Thylakoid supplementation and hunger and fullness perception: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2025;83(2):e42-e53. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuae012
25. Morita K, Ogata M, Hasegawa T. Chlorophyll derived from Chlorella inhibits dioxin absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and accelerates dioxin excretion in rats. Environ Health Perspect. 2001;109(3):289-94. doi:10.1289/ehp.01109289
26. Xie Y, Zhou G. Effects of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, potassium iodide and chlorophyll on lead accumulation in male mice. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2017;30(1):87-93. doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00406
27. Kitamura K, Nagao M, Hayatsu H, et al. Effect of chlorophyllin-chitosan on excretion of dioxins in a healthy man. Environ Sci Technol. 2005;39(4):1084-91. doi:10.1021/es048577u
28. Young RW, Beregi JS. Use of chlorophyllin in the care of geriatric patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1980;28(1):46-7. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1980.tb00124.x
29. Christiansen SB, Byel SR, Strømsted H, et al. [Can chlorophyll reduce fecal odor in colostomy patients?]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1989;151(27):1753-4.
30. Sigler ML, Stephens TJ. Assessment of the safety and efficacy of topical copper chlorophyllin in women with photodamaged facial skin. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14(4):401-4.
31. Song BH, Lee DH, Kim BC, et al. Photodynamic therapy using chlorophyll-a in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, single-blind, split-face study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(4):764-71. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.047
32. Stenblom EL, Egecioglu E, Landin-Olsson M, et al. Consumption of thylakoid-rich spinach extract reduces hunger, increases satiety and reduces cravings for palatable food in overweight women. Appetite. 2015;91:209-19. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.051
33. Yamazaki H, Fujieda M, Togashi M, et al. Effects of the dietary supplements, activated charcoal and copper chlorophyllin, on urinary excretion of trimethylamine in Japanese trimethylaminuria patients. Life Sci. 2004;74(22):2739-47. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2003.10.022
34. Montelius C, Erlandsson D, Vitija E, et al. Body weight loss, reduced urge for palatable food and increased release of GLP-1 through daily supplementation with green-plant membranes for three months in overweight women. Appetite. 2014;81:295-304. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.101
35. Jubert C, Mata J, Bench G, et al. Effects of chlorophyll and chlorophyllin on low-dose aflatoxin B(1) pharmacokinetics in human volunteers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009;2(12):1015-22. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0099
36. Simonich MT, Egner PA, Roebuck BD, et al. Natural chlorophyll inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced multi-organ carcinogenesis in the rat. Carcinogenesis. 2007;28(6):1294-302. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgm027
37. Axe J. Mold Toxicity: Symptoms, Testing, and Full Detox Protocol. The Dr. Josh Axe Show. 2024 (Dr. Axe speaking: "minimize foods that tend to have a lot of mycotoxins like peanuts, wheat, corn, alcoholic beverages, certain beans, and conventional bread"; milk thistle, dandelion and N-acetyl cysteine to support glutathione production).
38. Axe J. Heal Your Cells: The Mitochondrial Longevity Protocol. DrAxe.com protocol. 2026 (90 days; four phases Clear, Charge, Renew, Sustain).
39. Breinholt V, Schimerlik M, Dashwood R, et al. Mechanisms of chlorophyllin anticarcinogenesis against aflatoxin B1: complex formation with the carcinogen. Chem Res Toxicol. 1995;8(4):506-14. doi:10.1021/tx00046a004
40. Axe J. Reverse Microplastic Toxicity NATURALLY (Heals Mitochondria, Gut, Brain). The Dr. Josh Axe Show. 2026 (Dr. Axe speaking; YouTube at 28:10-28:45 on natural binders and timing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIBpaNxBaMg).
41. Axe J. Heal From Parasites Protocol. DrAxe.com. 2025 (Bind phase: "Take binders 2 hours away from food, herbs, and supplements"; chlorella in the afternoon; cilantro and parsley for heavy metals).
42. Axe J. 11 Supplements Every 40+ Adult Should Consider. The Dr. Josh Axe Show. 2026 (Dr. Axe speaking: a superfood powder as "another insurance policy supplement"; YouTube upload: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNhI28uezc8).
43. Rossi E, Borchard K, Cole JM. Pseudoporphyria following self-medication with chlorophyll. Australas J Dermatol. 2015;56(1):47-8. doi:10.1111/ajd.12198
44. Zhao CY, Frew JW, Muhaidat J, et al. Chlorophyll-induced pseudoporphyria with ongoing photosensitivity after cessation - a case series of four patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(7):1239-42. doi:10.1111/jdv.13169
45. Yun CH, Jeong HG, Jhoun JW, et al. Non-specific inhibition of cytochrome P450 activities by chlorophyllin in human and rat liver microsomes. Carcinogenesis. 1995;16(6):1437-40. doi:10.1093/carcin/16.6.1437
46. Patwardhan RS, Rizvi ZA, Gota V, et al. First-in-human clinical trial of high-dose sodium copper chlorophyllin: Pharmacology and efficacy as a dual immunomodulatory/antiviral agent. Phytomedicine. 2026;150:157689. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157689
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This article is for educational purposes. See our medical disclaimer.